{"id":7203,"date":"2026-07-11T17:30:40","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T12:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/?p=7203"},"modified":"2026-07-17T18:16:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T12:46:38","slug":"how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Build a Smarter Enterprise Risk Management Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Understanding_the_Purpose_of_an_Enterprise_Risk_Management_Framework\" >Understanding the Purpose of an Enterprise Risk Management Framework<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Going_Past_Individual_Risks\" >Going Past Individual Risks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Risk_Management_for_Organizational_Goals\" >Risk Management for Organizational Goals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Key_Elements_of_a_Smarter_Framework\" >Key Elements of a Smarter Framework<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Risk_Identification\" >Risk Identification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Create_a_Complete_Risk_Profile\" >Create a Complete Risk Profile<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Risk_Assessment\" >Risk Assessment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Assess_the_Impact_and_Probability_of_Risks\" >Assess the Impact and Probability of Risks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Risk_Response_Planning\" >Risk Response Planning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Creating_Effective_Response_Plans\" >Creating Effective Response Plans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Leveraging_Technology_for_Better_Decision-Making\" >Leveraging Technology for Better Decision-Making<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Use_of_Data_and_Analytics\" >Use of Data and Analytics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Continuous_Monitoring\" >Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Building_a_Risk-Aware_Organizational_Culture\" >Building a Risk-Aware Organizational Culture<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Commitment_to_Leadership\" >Commitment to Leadership<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Employees_Involvement\" >Employees Involvement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Frequently_Asked_Question\" >Frequently Asked Question<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Q_What_is_an_enterprise_risk_management_ERM_framework\" >Q: What is an enterprise risk management (ERM) framework?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Q_Why_is_enterprise_risk_management_important_for_businesses\" >Q: Why is enterprise risk management important for businesses?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Q_What_are_the_key_components_of_an_enterprise_risk_management_framework\" >Q: What are the key components of an enterprise risk management framework?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Q_How_can_organizations_build_a_strong_risk-aware_culture\" >Q: How can organizations build a strong risk-aware culture?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/how-to-build-a-smarter-enterprise-risk-management-framework\/#Q_How_do_businesses_identify_enterprise_risks\" >Q: How do businesses identify enterprise risks?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><strong><b>Introduction<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>With increasing complexities in today&#8217;s dynamic business environment, there are numerous uncertainties that a business might encounter. Some of these uncertainties include cyber-attacks, legislative changes, supply chain disruptions, and economic turbulence. It is not enough to only manage these uncertainties; it is important that organizations put in place a systematic process that will enable identification of the risk and equip the firm with strategies for dealing with them. Enterprise risk management can help organizations foresee risks, make prudent decisions, and develop resilience.<\/p>\n<p>Risk management should no longer be perceived as exercise done simply to comply with requirements but rather as an integral part of strategy and operation in modern organizations.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_the_Purpose_of_an_Enterprise_Risk_Management_Framework\"><\/span><strong><b>Understanding the Purpose of an Enterprise Risk Management Framework<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Going_Past_Individual_Risks\"><\/span><strong><b>Going Past Individual Risks<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Conventional risk management usually concentrates on departments or individual risks. An effective framework analyzes risks on a company-wide level, making sure each business function is involved in the strategy.<\/p>\n<p>Such an approach enables executive managers to see how different risks interact with each other and how various business units can cooperate to minimize their risks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risk_Management_for_Organizational_Goals\"><\/span><strong><b>Risk Management for Organizational Goals<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A good framework should facilitate business processes and not hamper them. Integrating risks into business objectives allows businesses to safely innovate, expand and digitize.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Elements_of_a_Smarter_Framework\"><\/span><strong><b>Key Elements of a Smarter Framework<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risk_Identification\"><\/span><strong><b>Risk Identification<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_a_Complete_Risk_Profile\"><\/span><strong><b>Create a Complete Risk Profile<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Organizations need to start with identification of the possible risks associated with operations. These can be of operational nature, security-related risks, financial risks, regulatory risks, environmental risks, and many others.<\/p>\n<p>Collection of ideas from several departments helps to uncover all hidden risks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risk_Assessment\"><\/span><strong><b>Risk Assessment<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assess_the_Impact_and_Probability_of_Risks\"><\/span><strong><b>Assess the Impact and Probability of Risks<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>After the risk assessment, the next step is to assess the likelihood of such risks and their business impact. Prioritization of high impact risks will allow allocation appropriately and focusing mitigation efforts.<\/p>\n<p>Continuous assessments will allow businesses to be always ready for new risks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risk_Response_Planning\"><\/span><strong><b>Risk Response Planning<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_Effective_Response_Plans\"><\/span><strong><b>Creating Effective Response Plans<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Each important risk needs to have an appropriate response plan which could be risk reduction, transfer, acceptance, or avoidance.<\/p>\n<p>Clear responsibilities and communication procedures will help to coordinate actions under unexpected conditions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leveraging_Technology_for_Better_Decision-Making\"><\/span><strong><b>Leveraging Technology for Better Decision-Making<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Data_and_Analytics\"><\/span><strong><b>Use of Data and Analytics<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Data analysis, artificial intelligence, and automation have completely changed how organizations handle risks. With real-time monitoring, companies can spot anomalies and weaknesses and respond immediately to changes in circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>With the help of technology, reporting is improved using dashboards for better and faster decisions among the organization&#8217;s leadership team.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Continuous_Monitoring\"><\/span><strong><b>Continuous Monitoring<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Contemporary <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/enterprise-risk-management\">enterprise risk management<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0does not remain the same. Risks are always changing depending on changes in the markets, technology, and regulations. Through continuous monitoring, companies can adjust their controls and mitigation strategies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Building_a_Risk-Aware_Organizational_Culture\"><\/span><strong><b>Building a Risk-Aware Organizational Culture<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Commitment_to_Leadership\"><\/span><strong><b>Commitment to Leadership<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Organizations need strong leadership to build a culture of risk awareness among all staff. Those leaders who foster transparency and accountability will provide an environment in which employees feel free to report issues before it is too late.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Employees_Involvement\"><\/span><strong><b>Employees Involvement<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>With training sessions and workshops, as well as teamwork and collaboration among different departments, staff members realize how important it is for them to be part of the risk management process.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Development of a smart approach to enterprise risk management\u00a0is not just about policy formulation and documentation. It involves strategy, constant monitoring, the use of technology, and involvement of all organizational levels. Enterprises that can effectively identify risks, assess their impacts, and adjust to emerging conditions will be in a position to manage uncertainties with more confidence. Through the adoption of risk management as a strategic competency and not just an operational one, enterprises can enhance their resilience and decision-making abilities.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Question\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_is_an_enterprise_risk_management_ERM_framework\"><\/span><strong><b>Q: What is an enterprise risk management (ERM) framework?<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>An enterprise risk management (ERM) framework is a structured approach that helps organizations identify, assess, manage, and monitor risks across all business functions to support strategic objectives and improve resilience.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_enterprise_risk_management_important_for_businesses\"><\/span><strong><b>Q: Why is enterprise risk management important for businesses?<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Enterprise risk management helps businesses anticipate potential risks, improve decision-making, strengthen regulatory compliance, protect business assets, and ensure long-term operational stability.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_the_key_components_of_an_enterprise_risk_management_framework\"><\/span><strong><b>Q: What are the key components of an enterprise risk management framework?<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A comprehensive ERM framework typically includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Risk identification<\/li>\n<li>Risk assessment<\/li>\n<li>Risk response planning<\/li>\n<li>Continuous monitoring<\/li>\n<li>Risk reporting<\/li>\n<li>Governance and accountability<\/li>\n<li>Technology and data analytics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_organizations_build_a_strong_risk-aware_culture\"><\/span><strong><b>Q: How can organizations build a strong risk-aware culture?<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organizations can build a risk-aware culture by encouraging leadership involvement, providing employee training, promoting transparent communication, defining clear responsibilities, and integrating risk management into everyday business decisions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_do_businesses_identify_enterprise_risks\"><\/span><strong><b>Q: How do businesses identify enterprise risks?<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Businesses identify risks by evaluating operational processes, financial activities, cybersecurity threats, regulatory requirements, supply chain vulnerabilities, and market conditions while gathering input from multiple departments.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Also Read:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/key-objectives-of-internal-control-and-their-role-in-risk-management\/\">Key Objectives of Internal Control and Their Role in Risk Management<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction With increasing complexities in today&#8217;s dynamic business environment, there are numerous uncertainties that a business might encounter. Some of these uncertainties include cyber-attacks, legislative changes, supply chain disruptions, and economic turbulence. It is not enough to only manage these uncertainties; it is important that organizations put in place a systematic process that will enable&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1763],"tags":[2917,2914,1005,2441,1254,1765,2913,2915,2848,1546,1766,2916,4,1764,1983],"class_list":["post-7203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-risk-management-erm","tag-ai-in-risk-management","tag-ai-risk-management","tag-business-resilience","tag-business-risk-assessment","tag-corporate-governance","tag-enterprise-risk-management","tag-enterprise-risk-management-framework","tag-enterprise-risk-strategy","tag-governance-risk-and-compliance","tag-internal-controls","tag-operational-risk-management","tag-risk-analytics","tag-risk-management","tag-risk-management-consulting","tag-risk-mitigation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7203"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7205,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203\/revisions\/7205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cac.net.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}